Opera (web browser). Опера браузер википедия

Opera (web browser) - Wikipedia

Opera is a web browser for Windows 7 or later, macOS, and Linux operating systems developed by Opera Software. It uses the Blink layout engine. An earlier version using the Presto layout engine is still available, and runs on FreeBSD systems.

Opera was conceived at Telenor as a research project in 1994 and was bought by Opera Software in 1995. Initially a commercial web browser, Opera later became freeware in 2005. Until 2013, Opera used the Presto layout engine. These versions of Opera have received 13 different awards. In 2013, however, Opera changed its layout engine to Blink, the layout engine of its competitor Chromium. These new versions were criticized for missing popular UI elements and the layout engine change.

In 2016, Opera Software AS was sold to a Chinese consortium. The parent company, the similarly named Opera Software ASA, changed its name to Otello Corporation.

History[edit]

Opera began in 1994 as a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company. In 1995, it branched out into a separate company named Opera Software.[6] Opera was first released publicly in 1996 with version 2.0,[7] which only ran on Microsoft Windows.[8] In an attempt to capitalize on the emerging market for Internet-connected handheld devices, a project to port Opera to mobile device platforms was started in 1998.[8] Opera 4.0, released in 2000,[7] included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.[9]

Up to this point, Opera was trialware and had to be purchased after the trial period ended. Version 5.0 (released in 2000) saw the end of this requirement. Instead, Opera became ad-sponsored, displaying advertisements to users who had not paid for it.[10] Later versions of Opera gave the user the choice of seeing banner ads or targeted text advertisements from Google. With version 8.5 (released in 2005) the advertisements were removed entirely and primary financial support for the browser came through revenue from Google (which is by contract Opera's default search engine).[11]

Among the new features introduced in version 9.1 (released in 2006) was fraud protection using technology from GeoTrust, a digital certificate provider, and PhishTank, an organization that tracks known phishing web sites.[12] This feature was further improved and expanded in version 9.5, when GeoTrust was replaced with Netcraft, and malware protection from Haute Secure was added.[13]

Also in 2006, Opera Software ASA released Internet Channel and Nintendo DS Browser for Nintendo's DS and Wii gaming systems.[14][15][16][17]

A new JavaScript engine called Carakan, after the Javanese alphabet, was introduced with version 10.50.[18] According to Opera Software, Carakan makes Opera 10.50 more than seven times faster in SunSpider than Opera 10.10.[19][20][21] On 16 December 2010, Opera 11 was released, featuring extensions, tab stacking (where dragging one tab over another allows you to create a group of tabs), visual mouse gestures, and changes to the address bar.[22] Opera 12 was released on 14 June 2012.[23]

On 12 February 2013, Opera Software announced that it would drop its own Presto layout engine in favour of WebKit as implemented by Google's Chrome browser, using code from the Chromium project. Opera Software also planned to contribute code to WebKit.[24] On 3 April 2013, Google announced that it would fork components from WebKit to form a new layout engine known as Blink; the same day, Opera Software confirmed that it would follow Google in implementing Blink layout engine.[25]

On 28 May 2013, a beta release of Opera 15 was made available,[26] the first version based on the Chromium project.[27][28] Many distinctive Opera features of the previous versions were dropped, and Opera Mail was separated into a standalone application derived from Opera 12.[29]

In November 2016, the original Norwegian owner of Opera sold the Opera name and web browser business to a Chinese consortium under the name Golden Brick Capital Private Equity Fund I Limited Partnership for $600 million.[30][31][32] An earlier deal was not approved by regulators.[33]

In January 2017, the source code of Opera 12.15 (the last version that was still based on Presto layout engine) was leaked.[34]

To demonstrate how a radically different browser could look, Opera Neon was released in January 2017. Dubbed a "concept browser", PC World compared it with demo models that automakers and hardware vendors release to show their visions of the future. Instead of a Speed Dial, it displays the frequently accessed website in what resembles a desktop with computer icons scattered over it in artistic formation.[35][36]

Features[edit]

Opera was the first to introduce features that other web browsers adoped: Speed Dial, pop-up blocking, re-opening recently closed pages, private browsing, and tabbed browsing.[37][38] Opera includes a bookmarks bar and a download manager. It has limited support for browser extensions. Opera also has "Speed Dial", which allows the user to add an unlimited number of pages shown in thumbnail form in a page displayed when a new tab is opened. Speed Dial allows the user to more easily navigate to the selected web pages.[37][38][39]

Usability and accessibility[edit]

It is possible to control some aspects of the browser using the keyboard shortcuts.[40]Page zooming allows text, images and other content such as Adobe Flash Player, Java platform and Scalable Vector Graphics to be increased or decreased in size to help those with impaired vision.[41]

Opera Software claims that when the Opera Turbo mode is enabled, the compression servers compresses requested web pages (excepts HTTPS pages) by up to 50%, depending on the content, before sending them to the users.[42] This process reduces the amount of data transferred and is particularly useful for crowded or slow network connections, making web pages load faster or when there are costs dependent for the total amount of data usage.[42] This technique is also used in Opera Mini for mobile devices[43] and smartwatches.[44]

Privacy and security[edit]

One security feature is the option to delete private data, such as HTTP cookies, browsing history, items in cache and passwords with the click of a button.[45] This lets users erase personal data after browsing from a shared computer.

When visiting a site, Opera displays a security badge in the address bar which shows details about the website, including security certificates.[45] Opera also implements a proprietary protocol from Google called "Safe Browsing" to check the website that is being visited against blacklists for phishing and malware, and displays a warning page if it matches any of these lists.[45]

In January 2007, Asa Dotzler of the competing Mozilla Corporation accused Opera Software of downplaying information about security vulnerabilities in Opera, (that were fixed in December 2006). Dotzler claimed that users were not clearly informed of security vulnerabilities that were present in the previous version of Opera, and thus they would not realize that they needed to upgrade to the latest version or else risk being exploited by hackers.[46] Opera Software responded to these accusations the next day.[47]

In 2016 free virtual private network (VPN) support was implemented in the browser.[48] Opera said that this would allow encrypted access to Web sites otherwise blocked, and provide security on public WiFi networks.[49] Either VPN or Turbo mode can be supported, but not both.[50]

Standards support[edit]

Opera was one of the first browsers to support Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).[51]

Development stages[edit]

Opera Software uses a release cycle consisting of three "streams" (which correspond to phases of development) that can be downloaded and installed independently of each other: "developer", "beta" and "stable". New features are first introduced in the developer build, then, depending on user feedback, may progress to the beta version and eventually be released.[52]

The developer stream allows early testing of new features, mainly targeting developers, extension creators, and early adopters. Opera developer is not intended for everyday browsing as it is unstable and is prone to failure or crashing, but it enables advanced users to try out new features that are still under development, without affecting their normal installation of the browser. New versions of the browser are released frequently, generally a few times a week.[53]

The beta stream, formerly known as "Opera Next", is a feature complete package, allowing stability and quality to mature before the final release. A new version is released every couple of weeks.[54]

Both streams can be installed alongside the official release without interference. Each has a different icon to help the user distinguish between the variants.

Market adoption[edit]

According to StatCounter, between January 2009 and February 2018, Opera's market share reached its peak in June 2009, at 3.36%; the lowest share was observed in May 2013, at 1.01%.[56]

In 2005, Adobe Systems opted to integrate Opera's rendering engine, Presto, into its Adobe Creative Suite applications. Opera technology was employed in Adobe GoLive, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dreamweaver, and other components of the Adobe Creative Suite.[57][58] Opera's layout engine is also found in Virtual Mechanics SiteSpinner Pro.[59] The Internet Channel is a version of the Opera 9 web browser for use on the Nintendo Wii created by Opera Software and Nintendo.[60] Opera Software is also implemented in the Nintendo DS Browser for Nintendo's handheld systems.

Reception[edit]

Versions with the Presto layout engine have been positively reviewed,[61][62][63] although they have been criticized for website compatibility issues.[64][65] Because of this issue, Opera 8.01 and higher had included workarounds to help certain popular but problematic web sites display properly.[66][67]

Versions with the Blink layout engine have been criticized by some users for missing features such as UI customization, and for abandoning Opera Software's own Presto layout engine.[68][69][70][71] Despite that, versions with Blink layout engine have been praised for being fast and stable, for handling the latest web standards and for having a better website compatibility and a modern-style user interface.[72][73][74]

Awards[edit]

Over the years, Opera for personal computers has received several awards. These awards include:[75]

• About.com Best Major Desktop Browser - 2012[76]
• About.com Best Major Desktop Browser - 2010[77]
• Webware 100 winner, 2009[78]
• Webware 100 winner, 2008[79]
• PC World World Class Award, 2004 and 2005
• Web Host Magazine & Buyer's Guide Editors' Choice
• PC Magazine Testsieger (Test Winner), 2006
• PC Plus Performance Award
• PC World Best Data Product, 2003
• PC World Best i Test, 2003
• Web Attack Editor's Pick, 2003
• ZDNet Editor's Pick, 2000
• Tech Cruiser Award 4 Excellence, 1999

See also[edit]

Related web browsers:

• Otter Browser: An open-source web browser that aims to recreate some unique aspects of the classic Opera
• Vivaldi: A freeware web browser by former Opera Software employees who were not satisfied by the development decisions of the company

Web browsers:

Essential features:

References[edit]

1. ^ "Opera version history — Opera 1 series". Opera Software. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 
2. ^ Mielczarczyk, Kornelia (2018-02-15). "Opera 51.0.2830.34 Stable update". Retrieved 2018-02-18. 
3. ^ "Opera 51.0.2830.23 release candidate". 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-10. 
4. ^ "Opera 52.0.2864.0 developer update". 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2018-02-18. 
5. ^ Lextrait, Vincent (July 2010). "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.3". Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
6. ^ "About Opera". Opera Software. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
7. ^ a b "Affiliated Organization of Firefox and Mozilla" (PDF). Mozilla Japan. Mozilla Foundation. 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
8. ^ a b "Milestones". Opera Software. 2007. Archived from the original on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2011. 
9. ^ Schenk, Mark (2010). "Opera browser version history". Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
10. ^ Lettice, John (6 December 2000). "Opera browser goes free with version 5.0 launch". The Register. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
11. ^ Baker, Loren (20 September 2005). "Opera Goes Free with Help from Google". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
12. ^ Goldman, Daniel (18 December 2006). "Opera 9.1 is out with Fraud Protection". Opera Watch. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
13. ^ Kleinhout, Huib (6 June 2008). "Malware protection". Opera Desktop Team. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
14. ^ "Giving gamers two windows to the Web: The Opera Browser for Nintendo DS" (Press release). Opera Software. 15 February 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
15. ^ "Nintendo DS Browser available to North American market" (Press release). Opera Software. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
16. ^ "A Web Revolution in the Living room: Opera partners with Nintendo to put browser on the Wii game console" (Press release). Opera Software. 10 May 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
17. ^ "Play with the Web: Opera browser now available for download on Wii" (Press release). Opera Software. 22 December 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
18. ^ "Opera 10.50 for Windows changelog (Final)". Opera Software. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
19. ^ Mateu, Roberto (1 January 2010). "Opera 10.5 pre-alpha for Labs". Opera Labs. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
20. ^ De, Pallab (22 December 2009). "Opera 10.5 Pre-Alpha Is Here and It Is Fast!". Techie-buzz.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
21. ^ Purdy, Kevin (22 December 2009). "Opera 10.5 Pre-Alpha is All About Speed (and Private Browsing)". Lifehacker. Gawker Media. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
22. ^ "Opera 11.00 for Windows changelog". Opera Software. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
23. ^ "Opera 12.00 for Windows Changelog". Opera Software. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
24. ^ "Hey Presto, Opera switches to WebKit". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved 4 April 2013. 
25. ^ "Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved 4 April 2013. 
26. ^ Opera Desktop Team - Opera Next 15 Released!. My.opera.com (28 May 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
27. ^ Opera Developer News - A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers. My.opera.com (28 May 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
28. ^ The Chromium-Powered Opera Is Finally Here. WebProNews (28 May 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
29. ^ Standalone Opera Mail Client Coming to Linux. Omgubuntu.co.uk (28 May 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
30. ^ "BRIEF-Opera Software says has closed $575 mln with China's Golden Brick". Reuters. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2017. 
31. ^ Lunden, Ingrid. "Opera renegotiates its $1.2B sale down to $600M for its browsers, privacy apps, Chinese JV". TechCrunch. Retrieved 20 May 2017. 
32. ^ "NewsWeb". www.newsweb.no. Retrieved 7 January 2017. 
33. ^ "Opera browser sold to a Chinese consortium for $600 million". Engadget. Retrieved 19 May 2017. 
34. ^ Presto engine source code available on GitHub (2017)
35. ^ Hachman, Mark (11 January 2017). "Meet Opera Neon, Opera's radical vision for the future of web browsers". PCWorld. 
36. ^ Muchmore, Michael (11 January 2017). "Opera Neon". PC Magazine. 
37. ^ a b "5 features Opera Browser did first". SlashGeek. Retrieved 5 October 2016. 
38. ^ a b Reimer, Jeremy (1 September 2009). "First look: Opera 10 faster with new features". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
39. ^ "Opera version history". Opera. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Opera has a history of introducing new features long before they become mainstream, and often failing to receive credit for doing so. Opera was the first browser to [...] 
40. ^ "Help, Fast browsing". Opera Software. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
41. ^ "Help, View webpages". Opera Software. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
42. ^ a b "Opera's company FAQ". Opera Software. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
43. ^ "Opera Turbo". Opera Software. Archived from the original on 30 June 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
44. ^ "Samsung Gear S now features a full web browser". CompareSmartwatches.com. Retrieved 8 October 2014. 
45. ^ a b c "Help, Be safe and private". Opera Software. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
46. ^ Kerner, Sean Michael (9 January 2007). "Mozilla Takes Aim at Opera Security". Internetnews.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
47. ^ Kerner, Sean Michael (10 January 2007). "Opera Has Words For Mozilla". Internetnews.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
48. ^ "Free VPN". Opera.com. Retrieved 18 March 2017. 
49. ^ "Opera Free VPN - Unlimited WiFi Security & Content Unblocking - Free VPN for online security, unblocking content and encrypting your web traffic". Opera VPN. 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017. 
50. ^ Opera Settings > VPN: "Enabling VPN will disable Opera Turbo"
51. ^ Meyer, Eric (June 1999). "CSS: If not now, when?". meyerweb.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
52. ^ "What is Opera, Opera next, and Opera developer?". Opera Desktop Team Blog. Retrieved 16 September 2014. 
53. ^ "Opera Developer official page". Opera Software. Retrieved 20 November 2013. 
54. ^ "Opera beta". Opera Software ASA. Retrieved 9 November 2014. 
55. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide: Jan 2018". Global Stats. StatCounter. Retrieved 20 November 2017. 
56. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide: Jan 2009 – Feb 2018". Global Stats. StatCounter. Retrieved 12 February 2018. 
57. ^ "Powered by Opera: Opera Integrated with Adobe Creative Suite 2" (Press release). Opera Software. 4 April 2005. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
58. ^ Goldman, Daniel (3 May 2007). "Dreamweaver uses Opera's Small-Screen Rendering technology to preview webpages for mobile phones". Opera Watch. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
59. ^ "Design Web Pages for the Desktop and Mobile Devices" (Press release). Virtual Mechanics Inc. 17 November 2008. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
60. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014. 
61. ^ Stieben, Danny (24 May 2012). "5 Ideological Reasons Why You Should Try Opera". makeuseof.com. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
62. ^ Mason, Wesley (16 March 2000). "Software Review: Opera browser for Windows v3.62". Geek.com. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
63. ^ Berger, Sandy (3 November 2004). "Opera Web Browser". CompuKiss. Archived from the original on 12 November 2004. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
64. ^ Altman, Tim (31 August 2007). "Focus Areas during Kestrel Development". Opera Desktop Team. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
65. ^ Dotzler, Asa (4 September 2007). "Firefox and more". Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
66. ^ "Browser JavaScript Explained". Opera Software. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
67. ^ "Changelog for Opera 8.01 for Windows". Opera Software. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
68. ^ Harac, Ian (9 December 2013). "Opera 18 review: This browser's seen radical changes… perhaps too radical". PC World. IDG. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
69. ^ Samson, Ted. "Blink-based Opera 15 strikes a sour note with users". InfoWorld. IDG. Retrieved 29 July 2013. 
70. ^ Mathews, Lee (2 July 2013). "Opera 15 launches, turns out to be a crippled Google Chrome". geek.com. Ziff Davis. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
71. ^ Keizer, Gregg. "Opera 15 launches with WebKit backbone". Computer World. Retrieved 29 July 2013. 
72. ^ Le Bihan, Alan (26 May 2014). "A browser that's free, comprehensive and innovative". Softonic.com. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
73. ^ Piccolomini, Pier Francesco (5 September 2013). "5 Alternatives to Internet Explorer". Softonic.com. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
74. ^ Hughes, Matthew (6 August 2013). "Opera 15 Is A Faster, Simpler Chrome, And Here Are 3 Great Reasons To Try It". Makeuseof.com. Retrieved 12 June 2014. 
75. ^ "Awards". Opera Software. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
76. ^ "Web Browsers Poll Results". About.com. 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
77. ^ Orgera, Scott (2010). "The 2010 Reader's Choice Awards Winners: Web Browsers". About.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
78. ^ "Webware 100 2009". Webware.com. 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
79. ^ "Welcome to Webware 100 Awards 2008". 2008. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 

External links[edit]

en.wikipedia.org

Opera — Вікіпедія

Opera (МФА: [ˈɑp(ə)ɹə]) — веб-переглядач виробництва норвезької компанії Opera Software. Вперше випущений у 1994 році групою дослідників з норвезької компанії Telenor. З 1995 року продукт компанії Opera Software, створеної авторами першої версії браузера. До 2013 року Opera включала додаткові можливості для роботи з інтернетом (пошта і низка інших служб), але після переходу з власного браузерного рушія на відкритий рушій Blink додаткові функції були виокремлені з браузера в супутні проекти.

Сумарна ринкова частка Opera і Opera Mobile в березні 2012 року становила ▲ 2,09%. Крім того, частка Opera Mini становила ▲ 15,39%[5]. За популярністю в Україні Opera станом на 2009 зайняла близько 25-30% ринку і була другим браузером, поступаючись лише IE. На березень 2011 року Opera з долею 36% є першою в Україні, випереджаючи IE та Firefox (приблизно 33%)[6]. Після того, як  16 травня 2017 року Президент України Петро Порошенко підписав указ, яким ввів в дію рішення РНБО про оновлення списку санкцій проти низки російських компаній, серед яких соцмережі «Вконтакті» і «Однокласники», компанія «Яндекс», електронний поштовий сервіс Мail.ru, браузер став ще популярніший серед молоді, оскільки має вбудований VPN та дозволяє обходити встановлені заборони[7].

Opera безкоштовна. Міжнародна версія браузера має багатомовний інтерфейс, включаючи українську мову.

Браузер написаний мовою програмування C++, має високу швидкість роботи[8] і сумісний з основними веб-технологіями[9]. Відмінними особливостями Opera довгий час були багатосторінковий інтерфейс (система вкладок у вікні програми) і можливість масштабування документів цілком, разом із графікою; згодом ці функції з'явились і в інших браузерах. У Opera розширені функціональні можливості використання комп'ютерної миші: окрім стандартних способів навігації передбачені так звані «жести мишею». У систему безпеки браузера входять: вбудований захист від фішингу; додаткове кодування інформаційного потоку при роботі зі сторінками, що містять запити конфіденційних відомостей; можливість видалення HTTP-Cookies, очищення історії відвідувань одним кліком миші, а також стартова панель «Speed ​​Dial».

Крім основних функцій браузера, за час, що минув з моменту появи пакета, в нього були інтегровані можливості поштового/новинного клієнта Opera Mail, адресної книги, клієнта пірингової мережі BitTorrent, агрегатора RSS, клієнта IRC, менеджера завантажень, WAP-браузера, Opera Link, а також віджети — графічні модулі, засновані на технології HTML і працюють поза вікнами браузера.

Браузер Opera портовано під безліч операційних систем (включаючи Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, а також для мобільних платформ на основі Symbian, MeeGo, MeeGo WeTab, Java, Android, Windows Mobile, Apple iOS[10].

Частка Opera на світовому ринку браузерів значно поступається часткам Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome та Safari, і становить за різними джерелами від 2 до 4%[5][11]. Але в Європі частка ринку, яку займає Opera, помітно вище середнього показника по світу (від 4 до 11%)[12][13]. У першу чергу це стосується деяких країн СНД (Росія, Україна, Білорусь, Казахстан, Узбекистан), де частка Opera досягає 50%[14][15][16][17]. Значно сильніші позиції Opera (у спеціальних редакціях — Opera Mobile та Opera Mini[Примітка 1]) на ринку браузерів для мобільних пристроїв: мобільних телефонів, смартфонів і КПК, де Opera грає домінуючу роль (особливо в країнах СНД) завдяки технології Small-Screen Rendering[18]. У цьому сегменті ринку браузер представлений версіями для Windows Mobile, S60 та UIQ, а також для платформи Java ME. Opera встановлена більш ніж на 40 мільйонах мобільних телефонів у всьому світі[19].

Opera також — єдиний браузер для ігрових систем Nintendo DS та Wii[20]. Деякі комп'ютерні телеприставки також використовують Opera.

Рушій Opera[Примітка 2] (Presto) ліцензований Adobe і інтегрований в пакет Adobe Creative Suite (зокрема, Presto використовується в Adobe GoLive та Dreamweaver)[21].

Opera для ПК та Opera Mini розповсюджуються безкоштовно з 2005 року, Opera Mobile — з 2010-го (бета-версії з 2009-го[22]).

Браузер Opera протягом свого розвитку був піонером зі впровадження новацій, які сьогодні є стандартом де-факто для всіх браузерів. Так, в Opera з'явилися вкладки для окремих сторінок, він промальовував довгі таблиці вже в процесі їхнього завантаження, оптимізував роботу з кешем для зручного перегляду попередніх сторінок з урахуванням заповнених форм. Всі ці нововведення сприяли становленню Opera як «швидкого браузера».

До версії 2.0 браузер називався MultiTorg Opera і не був доступний для широкої публіки. Онлайн документи свідчать, що його було представлено на Третій Міжнародній WWW Конференції у 1995 році. Вже тоді Opera використовував інтерфейс MDI (multiple document interface) — вигляд програми, коли додаткові вікна відкриваються всередині батьківського вікна, що робить зручнішим перегляд кількох сторінок одночасно.

• Після виходу на ринок у 1996 році браузер був платним, згодом з'явилася опція безкоштовного користування за умови показу рекламного банера нагорі програмного вікна.

Opera 9.5[ред. • ред. код]

У Opera 9.5 представлений новий двигун JavaScript, який використовує менше системних ресурсів у порівнянні з попередніми версіями, забезпечуючи швидший і плавніший серфінг.

У браузері працює сервіс Opera Link, що забезпечує синхронізацію закладок і сайтів Speed Dial між версією Opera для робочого столу і Opera Mini для мобільних телефонів. Особливу увагу розробники звернули на вбудований засіб для читання пошти: Opera Mail працює швидше й використовує менше пам'яті. Також було усунуто причини зависання програми при перевірці пошти і отриманні новин. Окрім цього, покращена робота з декількома акаунтами, додана можливість відображення поштової скриньки в ієрархічному вигляді, покращені обробка чернеток та інтерфейс панелі Mail.

Також в Opera 9.5 є безліч поліпшень, які стосуються сумісності з сайтами (на це користувачі Opera скаржаться розробникам найчастіше). Зокрема, виправлені проблеми з сайтами Google, зі стандартним шаблоном Wordpress, в різних бібліотеках Javascript. Kestrel також має підтримку деяких нових опцій, які допомагають поліпшити сумісність з сайтами. Серед них підтримка властивостей CSS «overflow-x» і «overflow-y», Javascript Getters і Setters.

Opera 9.5 підтримує програми для читання з екрану. Програма працює з Window-eyes, Jaws і Voiceover на OS X. Окрім цього, покращена просторова навігація і спрощені гарячі клавіші.

У новому релізі також представлена нова система захисту від онлайн-шахрайства, і цей захист вперше включений як типовий. Модуль для захисту користувачів від онлайн-шахрайства в новій Opera 9.5 об'єднує власні розробки Opera Software і технології від компанії Hautesecure, яка займається розробкою засобів для убезпечення роботи в інтернеті. Завдяки наявності цієї технології нова Opera стежить за тим, щоб користувач випадково не викачав за допомогою браузера шкідливу програму, яка могла б вкрасти його особисті дані.

Також Opera 9.5 забезпечує підтримку сертифікатів Extended Validation (EV) SSL. Варто також відзначити функцію швидкого пошуку, за допомогою якої можна швидко знайти одну з відвіданих сторінок, ввівши слова, які на ній зустрічаються.[23]

Opera 10[ред. • ред. код]

Вийшла 1 вересня 2009. Передусім розробники виділяють підтримку фірмової технології Opera Turbo, що дозволяє, завдяки спеціальному алгоритму компресії даних, у кілька разів збільшити швидкість завантаження сайтів при повільному з'єднанні з Інтернетом. Система автоматично визначає швидкість передачі даних і в разі її зниження забезпечує стиснення вмісту веб-сторінки для швидшого відкриття.

Іншим важливим нововведенням стала модернізована система вкладок. Якщо за допомогою миші опустити нижню межу панелі з табами, то у верхній частині екрану з'являться не тільки заголовки відкритих у вкладках веб-сторінок, але і їхні зменшені зображення. Типово візуалізовані вкладки Opera 10 розміщені вгорі, але їх можна перемістити вниз або в бічні панелі, що зручно при використанні широкоекранних моніторів.

Подальшим удосконаленням піддалися інтерфейс користувача, засоби безпеки, інтегрований поштовий клієнт і експрес-панель для швидкого доступу до онлайнових ресурсів. Крім того, розробники виділяють функцію автоматичного завантаження оновлень і систему перевірки правопису на основі відкритого словника Hunspell, що підтримує 51 мову. До складу браузера Opera 10 включені агрегатор RSS-стрічок і BitTorrent-клієнт.

Ревізія 10.10, яка вийшла 23 листопада 2009, вперше включила технологію Opera Unite.

Головним нововведенням версії 10.50 стало використання JavaScript-рушія Carakan і графічної бібліотеки Vega.

Opera 11[ред. • ред. код]

Випущена 16 грудня 2010. З основних нововведень можна відзначити такі:

• Підтримка розширень. Віднині браузер, услід за конкурентами Firefox, Chrome та Safari, підтримує систему розширень, за допомогою яких можна персоніфікувати й поліпшити функціональність браузеру.
• Групування вкладок: тепер вкладки можна об'єднувати в групи; гурт вкладок створюється простим перетягненням мишею одної вкладки на іншу.
• Візуальні жести мишею. Можливість відкривати й закривати вкладки, переміщатися відкритими раніше сторінками за допомогою простих жестів миші була вперше реалізована в браузері Opera в 2001 році. Тепер користувачі Opera 11 побачать візуальні підказки переміщень миші прямо у вікні браузеру.
• Новий адресний рядок. Адреса сторінок відображує тільки основну інформацію, а колірний індикатор показує рівень захищеності відвідуваних сторінок; натиснувши на нього, ви отримаєте детальну інформацію про веб-сайт.
• Завантаження плагінів на вимогу. Ви можете призначити завантаження вмісту плагінів (наприклад, Adobe Flash) тільки на вимогу. Це допоможе прискорити роботу зі сторінками, що містять надмірну кількість плагінів.

Крім того, поліпшена продуктивність JavaScript-рушія і підтримка новітніх веб-технологій, таких як HTML5 і CSS3.

У версії 11.10, поміж інших покращень, додана підтримка протоколу SOKCS 5, графічного формату WebP і шрифтового формату Web Open Font Format.[24]

Opera 12[ред. • ред. код]

• Швидший запуск
• Експериментальна підтримка апаратного прискорення відеокарти і WebGL

Opera 15[ред. • ред. код]

Opera 15 з кодовою назвою «Opera Next» вийшла в травні 2013[25], та стала першим експериментальним випуском на платформі рушіїв Google Blink/V8. Браузер став швидшим у роботі й кардинально переглянув інтерфейс у бік спрощення, але втратив багато у функціональності і можливостях налаштувань.

Можливості програми[ред. • ред. код]

Компанія Opera Software позиціонує свій переглядач Opera як «найшвидший браузер на Землі» («the fastest browser on Earth»). Незалежні перевірки показали, що Opera 9.01 швидша інших браузерів в чотирьох тестах із семи на Microsoft Windows і Mac OS X та в трьох із семи — на Linux. Найсильнішою стороною Opera є робота зі сценаріями JavaScript, приблизно вдвічі швидша, ніж в інших браузерах. Крім того, Opera починає відображати вміст сторінки ще до повного її завантаження, що також заощаджує час користувача, особливо при повільному з'єднанні та великій кількості впроваджених об'єктів.

В Opera вбудований TDI-інтерфейс, що налаштовує блокування виринаючих вікон. Є захист від шахрайства, менеджер завантажень, BitTorrent-клієнт, меню пошуку, RSS-агрегатор. Також у пакет входить поштовий клієнт Opera Mail і клієнт для IRC-мереж.

Однією з особливостей браузера є можливість швидкого переходу до найчастіше відвідуваних веб-сторінок (Speed Dial — «швидкий набір» або «експрес-панель»). Користувач може задати адреси веб-сторінок у дев'яти слотах, і після відкриття нової вкладки на ній будуть відображена група віконець (типово — 3 × 3 = 9), у кожному з яких буде зменшена копія заданої сторінки. Ця опція значно полегшує навігацію між веб-сайтами. Налаштувати кількість сайтів у Speed Dial можна, починаючи з версії 9.5, внісши зміни до speeddial.ini в папці профілю. А починаючи з версії 10.0 beta, ця опція доступна з інтерфейсу браузера.

Opera підтримує так звані віджети (Opera Widgets) — маленькі веб-застосунки, які можна запустити з браузера. Серед інших існує «User JavaScript», діалект скриптової мови, що дозволяє користувачеві редагувати скрипти на веб-сторінках і додавати нові. Готові скрипти можна завантажити на сайті UserJS.org, з іншої адреси: Userscripts.org можна завантажити аналогічні скрипти для Greasemonkey, більшість із яких можна використовувати і в Opera. Третій спосіб розширення можливостей браузера — підключення плагінів, які змінюють зовнішній вигляд браузера або додають до нього нові функції. В той же час, використання плагінів обмежена. Можна підключати лише плагіни, схвалені і розповсюджувані Opera Software, тоді як у деяких інших браузерах є можливість встановити плагіни будь-яких розробників.

Управління та інтерфейс[ред. • ред. код]

У браузері Opera передбачені засоби керування для людей із порушеннями зору або обмеженими руховими можливостями: є голосове управління й можливість підключення «екранних дикторів». За допомогою різних установок користувач може налаштувати інтерфейс за своїм смаком.

Є можливість здійснювати навігацію й налаштування браузера, використовуючи тільки клавіатуру. Типово задані «гарячі клавіші» можна перепризначити на свій розсуд. Можна також використовувати «жести мишею», які істотно спрощують навігацію за допомогою цього маніпулятора, певні послідовності натиснення клавіш і рухів «миші» дозволяють, наприклад, швидко гортати або оновлювати сторінки, не переміщуючи курсор до іконки меню навігації.

Масштабування сторінок дозволяє пропорційно збільшувати або зменшувати всі елементи документа: текст, зображення, флеш-анімацію, створюючи ефект наближення і віддалення сторінки. Масштаб можна змінювати в межах від 20% до 1000%. Користувач може налаштувати шрифти та кольори для веб-сторінок, і навіть подолати налаштування стилів CSS. Це може бути корисним, наприклад, для сторінок із невдалим дизайном, коли шрифти важко читаються чи контраст між кольорами шрифту й тла замалий.

Голосове управління, розроблене спільно з IBM, дозволяє користуватися браузером без допомоги миші та клавіатури. Opera також може читати вголос сторінки й виділені фрагменти, але це можливо тільки в середовищі Microsoft Windows і лише за допомогою екранного диктора, вбудованого в браузер, бо програми сторонніх розробників, починаючи з версії Opera 6.0, не підтримуються.

Безпека та конфіденційність[ред. • ред. код]

У Opera є кілька установок безпеки, доступних користувачеві. Одна з них — можливість швидкого видалення інформації про відвідані сторінки: очистка cookies, історії, кеша, тощо. Це корисно, якщо за комп'ютером по черзі працюють кілька користувачів.

При відвідуванні захищених сторінок Opera кодує одержану й передану інформацію за допомогою протоколів високої надійності: SSL або TLS. Інформація про включення захисту відображається в адресному рядку браузера. Користувач може натиснути на кнопку, яка з'явилася там, і перевірити, чи не є сторінка шахрайською або створеною для «фішингу». Користувач може включити автоматичну перевірку сторінок на «фішинг» (типово ця опція не активна).

Для захисту збережених паролів можливе шифрування бази даних паролів, використовуючи майстер паролів та алгоритм 3DES для створення ключа шифрування, яким також захищені особисті сертифікати та дані wand.

Для своєчасного виявлення вразливостей і відлову багів у програмі є можливість відправки повідомлень про помилки в Opera Software. За даними компанії Secunia, що спеціалізується на комп'ютерній і мережевій безпеці, в Opera 9.x було виявлено 13 вразливостей, всі вони дотепер усунуті. Для порівняння, в Firefox 2.0.x було виявлено 23 вразливості, з яких до цих пір не усунені 4, в Internet Explorer 7.x залишаються незакритими 8 з 24, а в Safari 3.x — одна з трьох знайдених вразливостей.

Група Arche Twist випускає комплект програмного забезпечення OperaTor, призначеного для анонімного серфінгу в Інтернеті. До нього входить браузер Opera, клієнт анонімної мережі Tor і віртуальний проксі-сервер Polipo. Анонімізується робота за протоколами HTTP і HTTPS.

Інструменти розробника та зневадження[ред. • ред. код]

В браузер, починаючи від версії Opera 9.5 (2008 рік), вбудований Dragonfly — зневаджувач JavaScript та інспектор DOM/CSS. У травні 2011 Dragonfly випущений як окремий інструмент розробника під відкритою ліцензією Apache.

Служба Opera Link була додана у версії Opera 9.50. Ця служба використовується для синхронізації закладок, записів «Швидкого набору», нотаток та інших даних користувача. Дані зберігаються на спеціальному сервері, звідки можуть бути передані на будь-який інший комп'ютер.[26]

16 червня 2009 Opera випустила Opera Unite, додавши сервер до свого браузера. Opera Unite забезпечує кілька послуг, які хостяться на комп'ютері користувача, зокрема власний веб-сервер користувача, службу розподілення файлів і фотографій, чат і потокове медіа. Ці послуги можуть бути доступні в будь-якому браузері, проте власник повинен використовувати Opera.[27]

1. ↑ Desktop-версію за умовами ліцензійної угоди дозволено використовувати тільки на настільних персональних комп'ютерах і лептопах
2. ↑ Рушій Presto лежить в основі версій Opera з 7 по 12-ту

uk.wikipedia.org

History of the Opera web browser

The history of the Opera web browser began in 1994 when it was started as a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company. In 1995, the project branched out into a separate company named Opera Software ASA,[1] with the first publicly available version released in 1996.[2] Opera has undergone extensive changes and improvements, and introduced notable features such as Speed Dial.

Until version 2.0, the Opera browser was called MultiTorg Opera (version 1.0) and had only a limited internal release—although it was demonstrated publicly at the Third International WWW Conference in April 1995.[3][4] It was known for its multiple document interface (MDI) and 'hotlist' (sidebar), which made browsing several pages at once much easier, as well as being the first browser to completely focus on adhering to the W3C standards.[citation needed]

In February 2013, Opera Software announced that their in-house rendering engine, Presto, would be phased out in favour of WebKit.[5] Opera 15 saw the browser being fully rewritten, with this and subsequent releases being based on Blink and Chromium.

Desktop versions[edit]

Version 2[edit]

Version 2.0, the first public release of Opera, was released as shareware in 1996.[6][7]

Due to popular demand, Opera Software showed interest in programming its browser for alternate operating systems such as Apple Macintosh, QNX and BeOS. On October 10, 1997, they launched "Project Magic", an effort to determine who would be willing to purchase a copy of their browser in their native OS, and to properly distribute funds to develop or outsource for such operating systems.[8] On November 30, 1997 they closed voting for which operating system to develop with. Project Magic then became a news column for updates for alternate operating systems until version 4.[9]

Version 3[edit]

Opera 3 was the first version of Opera with JavaScript support,[7] but Java was still missing.[10] It was released for multiple operating systems on December 31, 1997.[11][12]

In 1998, Opera 3.5 was released, adding Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) support[7] and file upload capability.[13]

Since version 3.5, Opera has supported CSS, and Håkon Wium Lie, one of the inventors of CSS, is the CTO at Opera.[14] Up to 6.0 Opera supported most common web standards, Netscape plugins and some other recent standards such as WAP and WML for wireless devices, but its implementation of advanced ECMAScript (of which "JavaScript" is an implementation) and the HTML Document Object Model was poor.

Version 3.6 was released on May 12, 1999.[15] The 16-bit version of Opera for Windows 3.62 was the final version available for Windows 3.x. Further releases would require Windows 95.

Version 4[edit]

On June 28, 2000,[16] Opera 4 for Windows (Elektra)[17] was released, introducing a new cross-platform core, and a new integrated email client.

Version 5[edit]

Opera 5, released on December 6, 2000, was the first version which was ad-sponsored instead of having a trial period.[18] Version 5 also supported ICQ, but this was dropped from later versions.

Opera supported OS/2 for the first time, requiring WarpIN and Odin to be installed.[19]

Opera 5.10 (April 2001) was the first version to recognize mouse gestures, but this feature was disabled by default.

Version 6[edit]

On November 29, 2001, Opera 6 was released with new features including Unicode support, and offering a single document interface as well as the multiple document interface allowed by previous versions.[20]

First MSN.com controversy[edit]

On October 24, 2001, Microsoft blocked users of browsers other than Internet Explorer, including Opera, from accessing MSN.com. After cries of monopolistic behavior, Microsoft lifted the restrictions two days later.[21][22] However, as late as November 2001, Opera users were still locked out from some MSN.com content, despite Opera's ability to display the content had it been served.[23]

Version 7[edit]

On January 28, 2003,[24] Opera 7 was released, introducing the new "Presto" layout engine, with improved CSS, client-side scripting, and Document Object Model (DOM) support. Mac OS 9 support was dropped.

Version 7.0 saw Opera undergo an extensive rewrite with the faster and more powerful Presto layout engine. The new engine brought almost full support for the HTML DOM meaning that parts of, or a whole, page can be re-rendered in response to DOM and script events.

A 2004 review in The Washington Post described Opera 7.5 as being excessively complex and difficult to use. The review also criticized the free edition's use of obtrusive advertisements when other browsers such as Mozilla and Safari were offered free of charge without including advertisements.[25]

In August 2004, Opera 7.6 began limited alpha testing. It had more advanced standards support, and introduced voice support for Opera, as well as support for Voice XML. Opera also announced a new browser for Interactive Television, which included a fit to width option Opera 8 introduced. Fit to Width is a technology that initially utilized the power of CSS, but it is now internal Opera technology. Pages are dynamically resized by making images and/or text smaller, and even removing images with specific dimensions to make it fit on any screen width, improving the experience on smaller screens dramatically. Opera 7.6 was never officially released as a final version.

On January 12, 2005, Opera Software announced that it would offer free licenses to higher education institutions,[26] a change from the previous cost of $1,000 USD for unlimited licenses. Schools that opted for the free license included Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, University of Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Duke University. Opera was commonly criticized for having been ad-sponsored, since this was seen as a barrier to gaining market share. In the newer versions the user was allowed a choice of generic graphical banners, or text-based targeted advertisements provided by Google based upon the page being viewed. Users could pay a license fee to remove the advertisement bar.

Second MSN.com controversy[edit]

In 2003, MSN.com was configured to present Opera browsers with a style sheet used for old versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer.[27] Other browsers received either a style sheet tailored to them, or at least the latest Internet Explorer style sheet.[28] The outdated style sheet that Opera received caused Opera to move a significant amount of MSN.com's content 30 pixels to the left of where it should be, distorting the page and making it appear as though there was a bug in Opera.[29]

In response, the Opera Software company created a special "Bork" edition of Opera which displayed gibberish instead of MSN.com but not on any other web site. They said they did this to make a point about the necessity of a harmonious relationship between web browsers and web sites.[30]

After the complaints, Microsoft changed their servers to present the latest version of Opera, version 7, with the style sheet served to the latest version of Internet Explorer, which resolved the problem. However, Microsoft continued to serve the outdated style sheet to the older Opera 6.[28][30]

Hotmail controversy[edit]

In November 2004, Opera Software sent an electronic message to Microsoft, complaining that Opera users were sent an incomplete JavaScript file when using Hotmail (now Outlook.com). The incomplete file prevented Opera users from emptying their "Junk E-mail" folders. The Opera Software company later sent a physical letter to Microsoft. Nevertheless, as of February 11, 2005, Microsoft had neither replied to the messages nor corrected the issue.[31][32]

Version 8[edit]

On April 19, 2005, version 8.0 was released.[33] Besides supporting SVG Tiny, multimodal features and User JavaScript, the default user interface was cleaned up and simplified. The default home page was an improved search portal.[34] The changes displeased a number of existing users since some advanced settings became hidden.[35]

Version 8.0 introduced support for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Tiny. This marked the first major web browser to natively support some form of SVG.[36]

Version 8.5 was released on September 20, 2005. Opera announced that their browser would be available free of charge and without advertisements, although the company still continued to sell support contracts.[37] Enhancements included automatic client-side fixing of web sites that did not render correctly, and a number of security fixes.

Version 9[edit]

Version 9.0 was the first Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and BSD browser to pass the Acid2 test.[38][39] This version, released on June 20, 2006, added XSLT and improved SVG to 1.1 Basic level.

Beta versions of Opera 9 included an Easter egg that, when triggered,[40] affects the Acid2 test. After the page has been open for a while, the eyes of the smiley will follow the cursor around and when the user clicks on the eyes, a JavaScript alert will read "Because just passing is not enough ;)".[41] The changes to the Acid2 code were applied using Opera's browser.js feature, and remain available in a separate User JavaScript file.[42]

Opera introduced Widgets, small web applications, a built-in BitTorrent client, improved content blocking and a built-in tool for creating and editing search engines. Opera also added ability to read MHTML and to save the web page as archives.

Version 9.1 (released in 2006) introduced fraud protection using technology from GeoTrust, a digital certificate provider, and PhishTank, an organization that tracks known phishing web sites.[43]

Version 9.2, codenamed Merlin, introduced Speed Dial, 3 × 3 small thumbnails which are shown instead of a blank page.

Version 9.5, codenamed Kestrel (after the Kestrel falcon), was released to span the gap between Opera 9.2 and Opera 10.[44] It included some of the rendering improvements due to be made in Opera 10 and also aimed to provide better integration with various operating systems.[45][46][47] The first alpha build of Opera 9.5 was released on September 4, 2007. The first public beta was released on October 25, 2007,[48] and the final version was released on June 12, 2008.[49] The final release was downloaded more than 4.5 million times in the first 5 days.[50]

Opera 9.5 has improved support for Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), including many more CSS3 selectors and the CSS2 text-shadow property.[51][52] Support for other web standards was also improved. For example, Opera 9.5's Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) implementation supports 93.8% of the W3C's SVG test suite,[53] and built-in support for Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) and MathML.[54][55] Opera 9.5 also supports high-security Extended Validation Certificates[56] and added malware protection through partnership with Haute Secure.[57]

The interface underwent a few alterations as well, using "Sharp" by default, a new skin designed to be more intuitive,[58] though the classic skin was still available as a user preference. Screen reader support has been added back in. Opera's mail client, Opera Mail, has been updated, with an improved indexing feature and many bugfixes.[59] Opera 9.5 also lets users save bookmarks, notes, the Personal Bar and Speed Dial settings to the Opera Link service. These preferences can then be synchronized with another Opera browser, such as a copy of Opera Mini running on a mobile phone.[60]

Alongside the new features, Opera 9.5 had new performance improvements. For example, x64-bit editions of Opera for compatible Linux and BSD operating systems.[45][61] On the other hand, SPARC Linux support has been dropped.[62]

Version 9.6 improved Opera Link with the new opportunity to sync custom search engines and typed history. Feed preview and an updated Opera Mail client were additional changes.

Version 10[edit]

Version 10 (Peregrine) debuted in a first beta version on June 3, 2009 and scored 100/100 on the Acid3 test, but failed the smoothness criteria. There was also a preview build that scored 100/100, released on March 28, 2009. Among other features, it also came with speed optimizations, inline spell checking for forms, an auto update feature, HTML mail formatting, web fonts and SVG font support, alpha transparency support using the RGBA and HSLA color models, and an updated version of the Opera Dragonfly web debugger. Opera Turbo, a mode which uses Opera's servers as proxy servers with data compression, reducing volume of data transferred by up to 80% (depending upon content), and thus increasing speed, was introduced.

Opera 10 was officially released on September 1, 2009. Within a week of release, 10 million downloads had been recorded.

The 10.5x versions (codenamed Evenes) also came with a new JavaScript engine, Carakan, and a new graphics backend dubbed Vega (replacing the previously used Qt), that have increased its speed measurably. Then version 10.60, which Opera Software claims to be 50% faster than Opera 10.50, which also brought up new features like Geolocation, WebM support, AVG malware protection, Speed Dial improvements, etc.

10.63 was the final version to run on Windows 9x/NT4, as later releases would require at least Windows 2000.

Version 11[edit]

Opera 11 (codenamed Kjevik) was released on December 16, 2010 with new features including extensions, tab stacking, visual mouse gestures, new installer (Windows only) and safety improvements to the address field. In addition, the content blocker list now can be synchronized through Opera Link.[63] It also passes the Acid3 Test as of January 22, 2011.

On April 12, 2011, Opera 11.10 (codenamed Barracuda) was released. It contains many fixes "under the hood", such as improved Turbo Mode, a plug-in installation wizard and a rewritten Speed Dial. Opera 11.10 was updated to use the new Presto 2.8 Rendering Engine. [64]

On May 18, 2011, the final version of Opera 11.11 was released with improvements to security.[65][66]

On June 28, 2011, Opera 11.50 (codename Swordfish) was released. Equipped with the rendering engine Presto 2.9.168 featuring up to 20% faster rendering of CSS and SVG, support for HTML5 tag , Session History and Navigation, it also features extensions in the Speed Dial, support for password sync in Opera Link and an updated UI.[67]

On December 6, 2011, Opera 11.60 (codename Tunny) was released. Updated with the newest rendering engine Presto 2.10.229, this update features several changes including a UI revamp of the email interface, a new address field with star feature, and several "under the hood" as new HTML5 tags and parsing implementations, full ECMAScript 5.1 support. This version also implemented the JSON API geo-location of Google.[68][69]

On January 24, 2012, Opera 11.61 was released with improvements to security and stability.[70]

On March 27, 2012, Opera 11.62 was released with security and stability improvements, bug fixes and performance improvements.[71]

On April 17, 2012, Opera 11.63 was released. It was a Mac-exclusive release, contrary to belief that Apple had prematurely flipped the switch, making this release available for Mac users ahead of Windows and Linux customers.[72]

On May 10, 2012, Opera 11.64 was released, with stability, bug fixes and security improvements[73]

Version 12[edit]

Opera released version 12 Pre-Alpha Build 1017 on June 7, 2011. Its code name was Wahoo.[74] Opera 12 has hardware acceleration, support for WebGL and the new Opera Reader-feature.

On October 13, 2011, a version 12 Alpha build 1105 was released. Includes several speed and memory improvements, themes implementation, full hardware acceleration with WebGL, full ECMAScript 5.1 compliance, and a new HTML5 parser named Ragnarök.[75]

On June 7, 2012, the RC1 version of Opera build 1448 was released. It offers native 64-bit support and out-of-process plug-ins.[76]

On June 14, 2012, the final version of Opera 12.00 was released.

Opera 12.01, with some minor yet important security and stability upgrades, was released on August 2, 2012.[77]

Opera 12.02, was released on August 30, 2012, is the last version that will run under Windows 2000. The succeeding versions will now need at least Windows XP.

On November 5, 2012, Opera 12.10 was released with improvements, bugfixes and security updates.[78]

On November 20, 2012, Opera 12.11 was released. This release was mainly a stability and security improvement over the previous version.[79]

On December 17, 2012, Opera 12.12 was released. This release is a recommended security and stability update over the previous version.[80] It is the last version to work on the original release of Windows XP without Service Packs.

On January 30, 2013, Opera 12.13 was released as a recommended stability and security update.[81] A week later, on February 5, 2013, Opera 12.14 was released after the users discovered an autoupdate crash loop bug.[82]

On April 4, 2013, Opera 12.15 was released. This release is a recommended security and stability update over the previous version.[83]

On July 4, 2013, Opera 12.16 was released. This release is a recommended security and stability update over the previous version.

On April 23, 2014, Opera 12.17 was released as a platform-specific security update for Windows to fix the Heartbleed bug in the installer and autoupdater of Opera. The browser itself is not threatened by Heartbleed.[84]

On February 16, 2016, Opera 12.18 was released for the Windows platform. It adds support for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) as well as Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) for encrypted connections to enable Opera 12 to connect to servers that don't allow other encryption modes anymore. In addition a security issue in the mail client was fixed.[85]

Opera 2013[edit]

On February 12, 2013, Opera Software announced their intention to transition from their Presto layout engine to WebKit, building upon the base of the Chromium project. Opera will become a contributor to the Chromium project.[86] After the announcement of transition from WebKit to Blink by Google, Opera confirmed it would also switch to Blink instead of WebKit.[87]

The version identifier 13 was skipped, thought to be[who?] for reasons of superstition, while 14 was used to refer to a WebKit-based release of Opera for Android.

On May 28, 2013, a beta version of Opera 15 containing Blink was made available for Windows and Mac computers.[88] It removed many distinctive Opera features, including some ubiquitous features like bookmarks (with an expanded Speed Dial intended to replace this feature). The features confirmed to be restored in the near future were synchronization, theme support, geolocation, and a "feature rich" tab bar.[89] The previously-bundled M2 email client was released as a standalone application, Opera Mail. Extensions for the previous browser versions are no longer supported; instead developers are provided with facilities for converting old extensions to Chrome extensions, supported in Opera 15.

On July 2, 2013, the final version of Opera 15.0 was released. This release was not pushed through the automatic update system, as it was deemed some features important to current users had yet to be implemented.[90]

On July 19, 2013, Opera 16 entered the Next stream. This build included the return of geolocation support and automatic form filling, and added a flags page allowing experimental features to be enabled.[91]

On August 27, 2013, Opera 16 was released.[92]

On August 8, 2013, Opera 17 entered the Developer stream, reintroducing rocker gestures, tab pinning, start-up options, and search engine management.[93]

On September 6, 2013, Opera 17 transitioned from the Developer stream to the Next stream in anticipation of its impending release.[94]

On October 8, 2013, Opera 17 was released.[95]

On September 11, 2013, Opera 18 entered the Developer stream, with initial features including tab management, theme support and engine updates. On November 19, 2013, Opera 18 was released.[96][97]

On October 24, 2013, Opera 19 entered the Developer stream. The final release was released on January 28, 2014, with features including the new bookmarks bar, extended theme support and an additional level of settings for hardcore users.[98][99]

Opera 2014[edit]

Opera 20 was released on March 4, 2014, based on Chromium 33. Speed dial entries were made resizeable and support was added for dragging tabs to the bookmarks bar. This was the last version for processors without SSE2 instructions. Stash screenshots were also improved.[100]

Opera 21 was released on May 6, 2014, based on Chromium 34, and using Chromium's Aura UI framework. A broken padlock is now shown when sites present invalid security certificates and an option to display the full URL in the address bar was added.[101]

Opera 22 was released on June 3, 2014, based on Chromium 35. Support for high DPI displays was improved and the default theme was changed.[102]

Opera 23 was released on July 22, 2014, based on Chromium 36. A heart menu was added to the address bar, allowing the current page to be added to Speed Dial, Stash, or the bookmarks bar. An option to load insecure content on secure sites was also added.[103]

Opera 24 was released on September 2, 2014, based on Chromium 37. This release introduced tab previews, which are displayed when tabs are hovered. It also included several improvements specific to Windows: the frame of private windows was darkened and support for high DPI displays was improved again.[104]

Opera 25 was released on October 15, 2014, based on Chromium 38. This release introduced a visual bookmark manager and the inclusion of a built-in PDF viewer. Support for desktop notifications was added.[105]

Opera 26 was released on December 3, 2014, based on Chromium 39. This is the first new stable version on Linux since 12.16, released on July 4, 2013. This version introduced the ability to import data from other browsers, including bookmarks and passwords. It also features the ability to share selected bookmarks via a URL, and integrated a print preview. Bing was removed from the default search engine list, and can thus no longer be set as the default.[106]

Opera 2015[edit]

Opera 27 was released on January 27, 2015, based on Chromium 40. A tab menu was added on the right of the tab bar, which displays all opened tabs in a list. Hovering the cursor over a name in the list and it shows an preview of the selected tab. Reorganised the navigation on the start page. Includes additional bug-fixes for the PPAPI plugin support and the bookmark manager.[107]

Opera 28 was released on March 10, 2015, based on Chromium 41. Starting with this version, bookmarks can be synchronized between Opera on the desktop, Opera Mobile on Android and Opera Mini on Android and iOS.[108] Support for batch operation was added to the bookmark manager and bookmark suggestions now appear when typing in the address bar.[109]

Opera 29 was released on April 28, 2015, based on Chromium 42. Among the features added in thus release were an improved start page look, an improved history manager, the sync of open tabs, sync and manage Speed Dial start pages, an audio indicator on the tab bar, custom keyboard shortcuts and more mouse gestures.[110]

Opera 30 was released on June 9, 2015, based on Chromium 43.

Opera 31 was released on August 4, 2015, based on Chromium 44.[111]

Opera 32 was released on September 15, 2015, based on Chromium 45.[112] When you access a website using Silverlight, it gives a message that the Microsoft Silverlight plugin will soon no longer be supported.

Opera 33 was released on October 27, 2015, based on Chromium 46. Microsoft Silverlight and NPAPI still work and the message from Opera 32 is no longer displayed.

Opera 34 was released on December 8, 2015, based on Chromium 47.

Opera 2016[edit]

Opera 35 was released on February 2, 2016, based on Chromium 48.[113]

Opera 36 was released on March 14, 2016, based on Chromium 49, is the last version that will run under Windows XP and Windows Vista. The succeeding versions will now need at least Windows 7.[114]

Opera 37 was released on May 4, 2016, based on Chromium 50.

Opera 38 was released on June 8, 2016, based on Chromium 51. Free unlimited VPN service from Opera was added.[115]

Opera 39 was released on August 2, 2016, based on Chromium 52.

Opera 40 was released on September 20, 2016, based on Chromium 53.

Opera 41 was released on October 25, 2016, based on Chromium 54.

Opera 42 was released on December 13, 2016, based on Chromium 55.

Opera 2017[edit]

Opera 43 was released on February 7, 2017, based on Chromium 56.[116]

Opera 44 was released on March 21, 2017, based on Chromium 57.

Opera 45 was released on May 10, 2017, based on Chromium 58, and comes with a slightly overhauled user interface and an integrated messenger sidebar supporting Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Telegram.[117]

Opera 46 was released on June 22, 2017, based on Chromium 59. It includes support for APNG,[118] a feature which was lost upon switching the layout engine in 2013.

Opera 47 was released on August 9, 2017, based on Chromium 60.

Opera 48 was released on September 27, 2017, based on Chromium 61.

Opera 49 was released on November 8, 2017, based on Chromium 62. It includes support for VR.[119]

Opera 2018[edit]

Opera 50 was released on January 4, 2018, based on Chromium 63. It introduces anti-Bitcoin mining tool.[120]

Opera 51 was released on February 7, 2018, based on Chromium 64.[121]

Timeline of releases[edit]

Release compatibility[edit]

Sources:[122][123]

Discontinued versions for devices[edit]

Opera Mobile Classic[edit]

Opera Mobile Classic, formerly called Opera Mobile, is an edition of Opera designed for smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The first version of Opera Mobile Classic was released in 2000 for the Psion Series 7 and NetBook, with a port to the Windows Mobile platform coming in 2004.[124][125] One of Opera Mobile Classic's major features is the ability to dynamically reformat web pages to better fit the handheld's display using small screen rendering technology.[126] Alternatively, the user may use page zooming for a closer or broader look.[127] However, Opera Mobile's user interface has come under fire for being difficult to use or customize.[128][129] Opera Mobile Classic was replaced by Opera browser for Android.[130]

Internet Channel for Wii[edit]

Internet Channel is a web browser for Nintendo's Wii gaming console made by Opera Software and Nintendo. Internet Channel was free to download from its release on 12 April 2007[131] until 30 June 2007. After that date, Wii users had to pay 500 Wii Points to download it.[132] However, in late August / early September of the year 2009, the Internet Channel was once again available to download for free and those who paid for the service had their Wii Points returned in the form of a free NES virtual console game.[133] Scott Hedrick, an executive of the Opera Software company, explained that the Wii browser was designed to suit a "living room environment".[134] In contrast to Opera's appearance on computer monitors, fonts are larger and the interface is simplified for easier use.[134] Notwithstanding the changes in design, the Wii browser supports the same web standards as the desktop version of Opera 9,[134] including passing the Acid2 test.[135]

Nintendo DS Browser[edit]

Nintendo DS Browser is an edition of Opera for the Nintendo DS handheld gaming system. The Nintendo DS Browser was released in Japan on 24 July 2006,[136] in Europe on 6 October 2006,[137] and in North America on 4 June 2007.[138]

The Nintendo DS Browser includes the same small screen rendering and page zooming technology present in Opera Mobile.[127][139] It also includes handwriting recognition software and an on-screen keyboard to enable user input. Additionally, Nintendo partnered with Astaro Internet Security to provide web filtering for the Nintendo DS Browser. The technology is simply a professionally maintained proxy server that blocks web sites related to pornography, discrimination, security hacking, software piracy, violence, gambling, illegal drugs, alcohol, tobacco, dating, weapons, abortion, and other content that Nintendo deems objectionable.[140] Users can configure the Nintendo DS Browser to receive web pages through this proxy server, and this setting can be password-protected (by a parent, for example) to prevent circumvention.[141] In August 2007, the Nintendo DS Browser was quietly discontinued in North America.[142]

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73. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team (May 10, 2012). "Opera 11.64 for Windows changelog". Opera.com. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
74. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – Introducing Opera "Wahoo"". My.opera.com. July 7, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
75. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – Introducing Opera 12 alpha". My.opera.com. October 13, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
76. ^ Mills, Chris. "64-bit Opera, and out-of-process plug-ins". Dev.Opera. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
77. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team (August 2, 2012). "Opera 12.01 for Windows changelog". Opera.com. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
78. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – 12.10 Final released". My.opera.com. November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
79. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – Opera 12.11 Final". My.opera.com. November 20, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
80. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – 12.12 Final released". My.opera.com. December 18, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2013-01-30. 
81. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – 12.13 Final released". My.opera.com. January 30, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-02-03. Retrieved 2013-04-13. 
82. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – Opera 12.14 fixing bad crasher". My.opera.com. February 5, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-02-08. Retrieved 2013-04-13. 
83. ^ "Opera Desktop Team – 12.15 Final released". My.opera.com. April 4, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-04-07. Retrieved 2013-04-13. 
84. ^ "Opera 12.17 out - Opera Desktop - Opera Software". blogs.opera.com. April 23, 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-02. 
85. ^ "Opera 12 and Opera Mail security update". February 16, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2016-02-16. 
86. ^ "Opera Press release". Opera Software. 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on February 14, 2013. 
87. ^ Protalinski, Emil (4 April 2013). "Opera confirms it will follow Google and ditch WebKit for Blink, as part of its commitment to Chromium". The Next Web. Retrieved 29 May 2013. 
88. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera Next 15 Released!". My Opera. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. 
89. ^ "Opera Features and the Release Cycle". Opera Software. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. 
90. ^ "Opera 15". Opera Software. 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on July 5, 2013. 
91. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera Next 16". My Opera. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. 
92. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera 16". My Opera. Archived from the original on August 29, 2013. 
93. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera 17 - First developer stream preview". My Opera. Archived from the original on August 11, 2013. 
94. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera 17 Next". My Opera. Archived from the original on September 9, 2013. 
95. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera 17 goes Stable". My Opera. Archived from the original on October 8, 2013. 
96. ^ "Opera Desktop Team - Opera 18 developer stream". My Opera. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013. 
97. ^ "Download Opera 18 for desktop". Opera Desktop. 
98. ^ "Opera 19 Developer stream for desktop is now available for download". Opera Desktop. 
99. ^ "Download the new Opera desktop browser". Opera Desktop. 
100. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team. "Opera 19 changelog". opera.com. 
101. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team. "Opera 21 changelog". opera.com. 
102. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team. "Opera 22 changelog". opera.com. 
103. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team. "Opera 23 changelog". opera.com. 
104. ^ Opera Software Documentation Team. "Opera 24 changelog". opera.com. 
105. ^ "Opera 25 release notes". opera.com. 
106. ^ "Opera 26 release notes". opera.com. 
107. ^ "Opera 27 release notes". opera.com. 
108. ^ "Sync your bookmarks, with Opera 28". Opera Desktop. 
109. ^ "Opera 28 release notes". opera.com. 
110. ^ "Opera 29 release notes". opera.com. 
111. ^ "Opera 31.0.1889.174 Stable update". 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2015-08-18. 
112. ^ "Opera 32 release notes". 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-09-25. 
113. ^ Zhenis (February 2, 2016). "Better downloads and quieter tabs in Opera 35 for computers". 
114. ^ Błażej Kaźmierczak (March 15, 2016). "The best browser for Windows 10". 
115. ^ Kolondra, Krystian (April 20, 2016). "Free VPN integrated in Opera for better online privacy". Opera Desktop blog. Retrieved 21 October 2016. 
116. ^ http://www.opera.com/docs/history/
117. ^ http://blogs.opera.com/desktop/2017/05/opera-is-reborn/
118. ^ "Opera 46 goes final, more quality and Opera's first TV ad - Opera Desktop". Opera Desktop. 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2017-06-22. 
119. ^ "Opera 49 adds snapshot tool with editing tools - Opera Desktop". Opera Desktop. 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2017-11-19. 
120. ^ http://blogs.opera.com/desktop/2018/01/opera-50-introduces-anti-bitcoin-mining-tool/
121. ^ https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/2018/02/opera-51/
122. ^ "Opera version history". Opera Software. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2017. 
123. ^ "Opera's archived version history". Opera Software. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013. 
124. ^ "mCommerce Now a Reality on Psion Platform" (Press release). Opera Software. 3 April 2000. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
125. ^ "Opera Mobile Timeline" (PDF). Opera Software. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
126. ^ "The new ERA of content rendering: Opera Introduces Fit-to-Window Technology for All Screen Sizes" (Press release). Opera Software. 23 November 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
127. ^ a b "Opera for S60 tutorial". Opera Software. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
128. ^ Ruotsalainen, Werner (2 June 2006). "Post details: Prelude to the Opera Mobile vs NetFront article — profound differences between the two new Web browsers". Smartphone & Pocket PC magazine. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
129. ^ Kuznetsov, Ivan (2 September 2006). "Opera Mobile vs. Nokia S60 browser — new browser war?". Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
130. ^ "Opera for Android: FAQ". Opera Software. Retrieved 10 June 2014. 
131. ^ "Get to Know the Web on Wii: Full Version of Wii Internet Channel Powered by Opera Available for Free Download" (Press release). Opera Software. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
132. ^ Hayward, Andrew (26 June 2007). "Reminder: Wii Internet Channel Free 'til June 30". 1UP.com. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
133. ^ "Internet Channel". Nintendo. 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
134. ^ a b c Temperton, James (3 June 2006). "Interview: Opera's Nintendo Wii Browser". Cubed3. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
135. ^ Goldman, Daniel (22 December 2006). "Wii browser passes the Acid2 test". Opera Watch. Archived from the original on January 4, 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
136. ^ "Surf in Bed: Nintendo DS Browser hits Japan" (Press release). Opera Software. 24 July 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
137. ^ "Nintendo DS Browser launches across Europe today" (Press release). Opera Software. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
138. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (4 May 2007). "Original DS browser available online only". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
139. ^ "Nintendo DS Browser available to North American market" (Press release). Opera Software. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
140. ^ "Astaro Parental Control for the Nintendo DS Browser". Astaro. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
141. ^ "Nintendo DS Browser: Content Filtering (proxy server)". Customer Service. Nintendo. Archived from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 
142. ^ Ponte, Christian (27 August 2007). "Nintendo DS Browser being discontinued in North America". The Tanooki. Retrieved 11 June 2014. 

External links[edit]

en.wikipedia.org

Opera (browser) - Wikipedia

Opera è un browser web freeware e multipiattaforma prodotto da Opera Software, disponibile per i sistemi operativi Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android e molti altri.

Opera è nato nel 1994 come progetto di ricerca della Telenor, la più grande compagnia di telecomunicazioni norvegese. Nel 1995 fu fondata la Opera Software ASA, che si dedica da allora al suo sviluppo.[3] Attualmente risulta essere il quinto browser più utilizzato.[4]

Dal 2013 Opera è sviluppato e disponibile in due versioni contemporaneamente, la 12 (basata sul motore di rendering Presto) e la 15 (basata su Chromium ed il nuovo motore Blink).

Rispetto ai suoi concorrenti, Opera è stato il browser che ha mantenuto più a lungo una politica di vendita. In alternativa all'acquisto della licenza era possibile utilizzarlo gratuitamente, a patto di avere un banner pubblicitario nella finestra del programma. Il 30 agosto 2005 la Opera Software, per festeggiare il decennale del suo browser, ha regalato codici di registrazione, validi per tutte le piattaforme supportate, per accedere al browser senza pubblicità.[5] Ma solo a partire dal 20 settembre 2005, con la versione 8.50, Opera è diventato un software completamente gratuito grazie alla rimozione del banner.

Oltre ad essere un browser per il web, Opera è anche un client FTP, NNRP per Usenet, SMTP per le e-mail (con supporto anti-spam), per BitTorrent (per il quale include una funzionalità di ricerca) e IRC. Storicamente Opera è stato il primo browser a permettere la navigazione di più siti web contemporaneamente in un'unica finestra del programma mediante MDI.[6] La versione 4.0 di Opera introdusse l'interfaccia a schede (il cosiddetto tabbed browsing):[7] pur essendo una tecnica già adottata fin dal 1994, Opera ne diffuse la notorietà. È stato il primo browser ad introdurre la funzione di salva sessione corrente e quella di anteprima (in formato "miniatura") dei vari tab, e, a partire dalla versione 11.01, la possibilità di organizzare i tab in cartelle.

Opera è disponibile in 44 lingue differenti,[8] e supporta molti sistemi operativi, tra cui Windows, Linux, Macintosh, FreeBSD e Solaris. Come molti altri browser, Opera sfrutta la maggior parte delle specifiche web di nuova implementazione[9], supporta i temi (skins) che possono essere configurati in modo da personalizzare il programma. È possibile personalizzare il programma anche implementando dei pulsanti personalizzati. Utilizza inoltre un proprio motore di rendering, denominato presto, sviluppato dalla stessa Opera Software

Per estendere le proprie funzionalità, Opera supporta l'architettura per i plug-in Netscape.

Funzioni avanzate[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Opera dispone di diverse funzioni per gli utenti esperti e gli sviluppatori. Ad esempio permette di disattivare il caricamento di tutte le immagini o solo di quelle che non sono nella cache; permette di disattivare alcuni o tutti gli elementi grafici di una pagina, fino ad ottenere una rappresentazione simile a quella ottenibile con un browser puramente testuale come Lynx. È possibile anche modificare il codice HTML di una pagina e visualizzare gli effetti della modifica senza salvarlo o ricaricare. Include inoltre un debugger integrato che permette di analizzare le caratteristiche di ogni elemento di una pagina, di visualizzare i tempi di caricamento di ogni componente, il DOM e gli errori degli script.Integra un client torrent e uno di posta elettronica, per ricevere le e-mail da 5 differenti indirizzi.

Modalità turbo[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

A partire da Opera 10 si ha a disposizione la modalità Turbo, la quale esattamente come in Opera Mini comprime i contenuti delle pagine web tramite i server Opera per velocizzarne il download, il che avvantaggia soprattutto le connessioni lente, come modem 56k o GPRS, o le tariffazione a traffico, mentre in presenza di una linea veloce come l'ADSL tale funzione può risultare controproducente.[10][11]

Gesti del mouse[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Opera implementa una serie di mouse gesture non personalizzabili, attuabili con una combinazione di clic e trascinamenti del puntatore. Eccoli:

Comandi vocali[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Opera possiede un sistema di riconoscimento vocale e di sintesi vocale integrato. Per quanto riguarda la prima funzione, i comandi vanno pronunciati dopo aver premuto un apposito pulsante, preceduti dalla parola "Opera" (per differenziarli da eventuali comandi vocali supportati dai siti Web visitati). Per quanto riguarda la funzione di sintesi (disponibile solo in lingua inglese), è possibile far pronunciare a Opera il testo selezionato (tramite pulsante o comando vocale), con voce maschile o femminile.[12]

Questa funzione venne abbandonata con la versione 12.

Opera Unite[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Opera Unite è una tecnologia in grado di trasformare il browser in un server Web personale, che venne rilasciata per la prima volta il 16 giugno 2009. Aggiungendo un server al programma, Opera Unite permette l'uso di diversi servizi come la condivisione di file, chat, visione di video in diretta (streaming) e l'uso di web server.[13]

Al rilascio della release stabile di Opera 10.00, Opera Software ha deciso di non implementare Opera Unite nella versione (quando invece era presente nelle prime tre beta) in quanto considerata ancora troppo instabile e poco affidabile. Nel novembre 2009 è stata rilasciata la versione 10.10 stabile (preceduta da una beta) che implementa Opera Unite.

Nel 2012 con lo sviluppo della versione 12.00 del browser, la software house ha deciso di cessare il supporto a Opera Unite e Opera Widgets, per concentrarsi sulla piattaforma Estensioni del browser[14].

Opera è stato sviluppato anche per i dispositivi mobili, con due varianti, che si distinguono per il rendering del web[15]; la popolarità di tale browser ha superato quota 100 milioni di utenti nel febbraio del 2011[16][17].

Le due varianti di Opera per i dispositivi mobili sono: "Browser Opera" pensata per l'elevate prestazioni ed "Browser Opera Mini" pensata per i device meno prestanti.

Opera ha riscosso un notevole successo grazie alla tecnologia SSR (Small Screen Rendering), modalità di rendering predefinita per dispositivi con schermi di 128 pixel di larghezza o meno, che lo rende particolarmente adatto a dispositivi con display di piccole dimensioni. In questa modalità, la pagina viene riformattata in una singola colonna verticale, gli elenchi lunghi e barre di navigazione sono automaticamente compressi (nascondendo la maggior parte della lista o bar) con una caratteristica nota come "contenuto pieghevole" e un segno più (+) viene visualizzato accanto al contenuto compresso, permettendo di accedere al contenuto di tale elenco o barra. In modalità SSR, le immagini sono ridotte a non più del 70% della dimensione dello schermo in entrambe le direzioni.

Gli sviluppatori web possono accendere a Small-Screen Rendering sull'edizione desktop di Opera per vedere come il loro sito web viene mostrato sulle edizioni mobile di Opera.

Browser Opera Mini[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Logo di Opera Mini

Opera Mini è un Web browser per cellulari sviluppato in Java ME[18] e disponibile fin dal 24 gennaio 2006[19]. Per permettere la visualizzazione di pagine web complesse su dispositivi dalle capacità computazionali estremamente limitate e il corretto fruimento delle pagine web non pensate per i dispositivi mobili, Opera Mini demanda il rendering delle pagine a un server remoto, che invia il risultato al browser che ne ha fatto richiesta.La pre-elaborazione aumenta anche la compatibilità con le pagine web che non sono progettate per i telefoni cellulari e quindi permette di fruire di quei siti che altrimenti non sarebbero visitabili, come ad esempio in presenza di script complessi: se un tipo di carattere richiesto non è disponibile sul dispositivo, come può essere nel caso degli alfabeti indiani, Hindi e alcuni altri set di caratteri non latini, il contenuto viene inviato in forma di immagine bitmap.Tra le altre caratteristiche, la versione Mini supporta l'apertura di più siti contemporaneamente, il salvataggio delle pagine sulla memoria del cellulare e integra un gestore per i download.

Questa versione del browser è compatibile con tutti i dispositivi in grado di supportare J2ME oltre che per Android, BlackBerry, Symbian S60, Windows Mobile, dispositivi con iOS (iPhone, iPad e iPod touch) e smartphone con sistema operativo Windows Phone.

Il 31 maggio 2012 venne rilasciata la versione 7, la quale oltre a migliorare le performance e ridurre i requisiti minimi, non ha più il limite dei speed dials ed introduce una nuova pagina riassuntiva di diverse attività, dai social network, alle notizie e feed[20], inoltre per gli utenti Android sarà possibile utilizzare l'acceleratore grafico per l'interfaccia grafica[21], nello stesso anno venne rilasciata la versione 7.1, che introduce la gestione dei file scaricati e di riprendere i download interrotti.

Nel marzo del 2014 viene rilasciata la versione 8, che introduce la nuova interfaccia, nuove modalità di fruizione (navigazione privata, modalità notte).

Il 14 aprile 2015 Opera Mini diventa "Browser Opera Mini" e riceve un importante aggiornamento che introduce una nuova interfaccia, supporto allo swipe, miglior supporto ai device con elevati DPI, la combinazione della barra di ricerca e di navigazione, l'unione della pagina iniziale con la pagina esplora, ed altri minori.

Opera Mobile[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Logo di Opera Mobile

Schermata di Opera Mobile 11.10 su tablet Android

Per il mercato dei dispositivi palmari e dei telefoni cellulari evoluti (smartphone di fascia alta), Opera ha sviluppato questo browser dal 17 febbraio del 2000[22], inizialmente rilasciato solo ad operatori e produttori e solo per apparecchi Psion. Dal 2003 è disponibile per Windows Mobile, ed oggi è possibile utilizzarlo anche sulle piattaforme Android e Symbian; è in sviluppo per i sistemi operativi Maemo, MeeGo e Windows Phone[23]. Tra i maggiori costruttori che hanno deciso di adottare Opera Mobile si ricordano HTC, Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Sharp, Kyocera, Motorola e Sendo.

Opera Mobile utilizza il motore di layout Presto e supporta diversi standard web, così come AJAX, HTML5 e Adobe Flash (solo per Android), elaborando le pagine web e le informazioni prelevate direttamente dal web.A partire dalla versione 9.7 si può utilizzare Opera Turbo, funzionalità presente anche nella versione Desktop e simile al funzionamento di Opera Mini; le pagine web vengono compresse tramite Opera Software "Turbo" server, riducendo così dimensioni del download. Di conseguenza i tempi di caricamento della pagina sono ridotti, riducendo il consumo di larghezza di banda fino all'80%.

Con la versione 12 (rilasciata nel 2012) si è introdotto il supporto hardware ed estesa la compatibilità all'HTML5 e WebGL.

Opera Mobile il 5 marzo 2013 è diventato "Browser Opera"

Browser Opera[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Il 5 marzo 2013 sul market Google Play è comparsa la prima beta della nuova versione del browser per cellulari Android. Tale versione utilizza WebKit in quanto si basa su Chromium 26 ed è dotata di interfaccia Holo[24]. Il 21 maggio dello stesso anno il nuovo browser esce dalla beta e la release ufficiale sostituisce in tutto e per tutto la versione precedente (ma che è possibile reinstallare) per i dispositivi con sistema operativo Android[25]. Il 9 luglio 2013 esce la versione numero 15 basata su Blink.

Coast[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Il 10 settembre 2013 dopo un anno di lavoro viene rilasciato un browser privo d'interfaccia utente visiva (ad eccezione di 2 tasti), ma gestito interamente tramite gesti.[26][27]

Il 15 febbraio 2006 la Nintendo ha reso noto che Opera è disponibile per la piattaforma Nintendo DSi[28]. Il browser Opera per Nintendo DSi è scaricabile con l'applicazione DsiWare. Per accedervi è necessario che la console sia abilitata al Wi-Fi.

Il 6 ottobre 2006 Opera ha rilasciato un software per Nintendo DS e Nintendo DS Lite, Nintendo DS Browser, per permettere ai dispositivi di navigare in internet tramite Wi-Fi, ma senza la visualizzazione di contenuti in Flash.

Il 22 dicembre 2006 è stata rilasciata una versione di Opera per Nintendo Wii[29]. Questa particolare versione è adattata per il funzionamento su un dispositivo a bassa risoluzione come il televisore: attraverso l'uso dei Wiimote è possibile far scorrere le pagine e ingrandirne i dettagli. Viene fornito un sistema di ricerca rapida e la possibilità di gestire una lista dei preferiti.

Si riportano di seguito l'elenco delle versioni principali di Opera e le maggiori innovazioni introdotte ad ogni release:[30][31]

1. ^ Opera Browser, Changelog, su blogs.opera.com.
2. ^ (EN) Vincent Lextrait, The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.3, su lextrait.com, luglio 2010. URL consultato il 23 agosto 2012.
3. ^ About Opera, Opera Software. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 dicembre 2007).
4. ^ W3Counter - Global Web Stats
5. ^ Repubblica.it, Opera adesso è diventato gratuito il browser annulla la licensing fee, su repubblica.it, 20 settembre 2005. URL consultato il 20 agosto 2012.
6. ^ Opera Software, Opera: Opera Version History v. 1.00, su opera.com.
7. ^ Opera Software, Opera: Opera Version History v.4.00, su opera.com.,
8. ^ Opera browser language files, Opera Software. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2010.
9. ^ Web specifications support in Opera products
10. ^ Opera 10 innesta il Turbo
11. ^ Opera Turbo now available for testing Archiviato il 28 marzo 2012 in WebCite
12. ^ Interfaccia vocale
13. ^ Opera Unite
14. ^ Increased focus on Opera extensions and ending support for Unite applications and Widgets, su my.opera.com. (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 aprile 2012).
15. ^ Opera pensa mobile con Mini 6 e Mobile 11, su webnews.it.
16. ^ Opera festeggia i 100 milioni di utenti mobile, su webnews.it.
17. ^ Opera Mini & Opera Mobile
18. ^ Opera Software, Opera Mini & Opera Mobile browsers, su opera.com.
19. ^ Opera Officially Launches Mini Browser
20. ^ Opera Mini 7
21. ^ Opera Mini 7 ready for Android
22. ^ Timeline Opera Mobile
23. ^ Opera Software, Opera Mobile 11 labs release for Maemo, MeeGo and Windows, su my.opera.com. (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 marzo 2011).
24. ^ androidworld.it, 5 marzo 2013, http://www.androidworld.it/2013/03/05/arriva-nel-play-store-la-prima-beta-di-opera-basato-su-webkit-139971/. URL consultato il 24 maggio 2013.
25. ^ Android is built on top of Chromium 26, 21 maggio 2013.
26. ^ Coast, Opera fa il browser per iPad
27. ^ Opera Coast, il browser per iPad senza tasti, è tutto gesti
28. ^ Opera Software, Giving gamers two windows to the Web: The Opera Browser for Nintendo DS, su opera.com.
29. ^ Opera Software, Play with the Web: Opera browser now available for download on Wii, su opera.com.
30. ^ Opera Software, Opera: Opera Version History, su opera.com.
31. ^ slashgeek, 5 features Opera Browser did first, su slashgeek.net.

it.wikipedia.org

Opera Software - Wikipedia

Otello Corporation (formerly Opera Software ASA) is a Norwegian software company, primarily known for its desktop Opera web browser, and mobile web browser Opera Mini. Across multiple platforms, Opera browsers have more than 350 million users worldwide.[1] Otello Corporation is also involved in promoting Web standards through participation in the W3C. The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway and is listed on Oslo Stock Exchange. The company also has offices in Sweden, Poland, the People's Republic of China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Russia, Ukraine, Iceland, Singapore, Taiwan and the United States.[2] Otello's stated vision is "to deliver the best Internet experience on any device."[3]

On 10 February 2016, a group of Chinese investors offered $1.2 billion USD ($8.31 per share) to buy the company,[4] though the deal reportedly did not meet regulatory approval.[5] On 18 July 2016, the company announced it had sold its browser, privacy and performance apps, and its name to Golden Brick Capital Private Equity Fund I Limited Partnership (a consortium of Chinese investors including Qihoo 360) for an amount of $600 million USD.[5] The transaction for sale of Opera's consumer business was approved on 31 October, 2016 by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.[6] On 4 November, 2016, Golden Brick Capital Private Equity Fund I L.P. completed the acquisition.[7]

History[edit]

Opera Software was founded as an independent company in Norway on 30 August 1995 by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner and Geir Ivarsøy.[8] The company was created to continue what was originally a research project at Telenor, the largest Norwegian telecommunications company.

Opera Software's first product, the Opera web browser version 2.1 for Windows, was released in 1997. Opera Software had an IPO in February 2004, and first released on March 11, 2004.

In an attempt to capitalize on the emerging market for Internet-connected handheld devices, a project to port the Opera browser to more platforms was started in 1998.[8] Opera 4.0, released in 2000,[9] included a new cross-platform core that facilitated creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.[10]

Up to this point, the Opera browser was trialware and had to be purchased after the trial period ended, however this ended with version 5.0, released in 2000. Instead, Opera became ad-sponsored, displaying advertisements to users without a license,[11] which was commonly criticized as a barrier to gaining market share. In newer versions, the user was allowed a choice of generic graphical banners or text-based targeted advertisements provided by Google based upon the page being viewed.

In 2004, Opera Software settled a lawsuit with an "international corporation" paying $12.75 million USD to Opera. It was speculated that the "international corporation" named in the statement announcing the settlement was Microsoft, which had previously blocked Opera users from correctly viewing MSN.com.[12][13]

On 12 January 2005, Opera Software announced that it would offer free licenses to higher education institutions[14] — a change from the previous cost of $1,000 USD for unlimited licenses. Schools that opted for the free license included Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, University of Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Duke University.

With version 8.5 (released in 2005) the advertisements were removed entirely and primary financial support came through revenue from Google (Opera's default search engine).[15]

In August 2005, the company introduced Opera Mini, a new Java ME based web browser for mobile phones originally marketed not to end users but to mobile network operators to pre-load on phones or offer for their subscribers.[16]

In 2007, Opera filed a complaint against Microsoft in the European Commission, alleging that bundling Internet Explorer with Microsoft Windows is harmful to both the consumer and to other web browser companies.[17] The complaint resulted in the creation of BrowserChoice.eu.[18]

In 2012, Opera Software and Bharti Airtel signed an agreement to provide Opera Mini browsers to the Airtel mobile customers.[19]

In 2013 Opera Software decided to not use their in-house rendering engine for the Desktop Browser anymore. From Version 15 on the Opera browser for computers would be using the Blink rendering engine, a fork of Webkit developed together with Google.

In March 2015 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Opera won Global Mobile Award of Best Mobile Product, Initiative or Service in Emerging Markets for Opera Web Pass and Sponsored Web Pass.[20]. In April Opera Software decided to centre development of the Opera Desktop browser in Poland.[21] On April 12,[22]Opera TV AS was established to separate TV-related business from all other assets, which became part of Opera Software AS; both companies became wholly owned subsidiaries of Opera Software ASA[23]. In September, the company announced a rebrand with a new three-dimensional “O” logo and brand identity. In the process, the company logotype changed from "Opera Software" to “Opera”.[24]

In January 2017, the company introduced Opera Neon, a new concept browser that is intended as an exploration of browser design alternatives. The browser is built on top of Blink engine and it is available for Windows and macOS.

On 18 December 2017, the company decided to change its name to Otello Corporation.[25][26]

Acquisitions[edit]

On 20 January 2010, Opera Software announced that it had acquired AdMarvel, Inc.[27]

On 30 April 2010, Opera Software acquired Australian web email provider FastMail.[28] In September 2013, the staff of FastMail bought the company back from Opera Software.[29]

On 19 September 2011, Opera Software announced that it had acquired mobile application platform Handster, the leading independent app store for Android apps at that time,[30] in order to strengthen the Opera Mobile Store's offerings to consumers, mobile operators and handset manufacturers.[31]

On 15 February 2013, Opera Software announced that it had acquired Skyfire for $155 million. Opera primarily targeted the company for its video optimization technologies, such as its Rocket Optimizer platform, which would complement its own content optimization technologies.[32]

On 4 June 2014, Opera Software announced that it is acquiring AdColony to bolster its mobile video ad capabilities. Opera paid $75 million in cash for AdColony, plus potential earn-out payments of up to $275 million.[33] In December 2017, AdColony CEO, Will Kassoy stepped down from his position and was replaced by Otello CEO, Lars Boilesen.[34]

In March 2015, Opera Software acquired the Canadian VPN company, SurfEasy and later integrated the SurfEasy VPN into Opera as a free and unlimited service for its users.[35]

Divestitures[edit]

On 20 December 2016, control of Opera TV AS was sold to Moore Frères & Company.[36][37]

On 6 November 2017, Opera Software divested its SurfEasy subsidiary by selling it to Symantec for $38.5 million all in cash. 85% of the payment was released on November 6, 2017 by Symantec with the remaining 15% remaining in escrow for up to 15 months. Specific earn-out targets were not mentioned.[38]

In February 2018, after previously announcing that the service and app would be shut down, the Opera Max app was sold to Samsung. It was rebranded as Samsung Max, but will only be compatible with eligible Samsung Galaxy smartphones going forward.[39]

References[edit]

1. ^ "Opera Software ASA – Annual Report 2013" (PDF). Opera Software ASA. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 9 Jan 2015. 
2. ^ "Opera Contact". Opera Software. 
3. ^ "About Opera". Opera Software. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007. 
4. ^ "Chinese Group Bids $1.2 Billion for Company Behind Opera Web Browser". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 30 January 2018. 
5. ^ a b "Opera browser sold to a Chinese consortium for $600 million". Engadget.com. Retrieved 30 January 2018. 
6. ^ "BRIEF-Opera Software says wins approval for China sale". Reuters News Agency. 
7. ^ "Successful closing of the Transaction". Newsweb.no. 
8. ^ a b "About Opera - Opera". Opera.com. Retrieved 30 January 2018. 
9. ^ "Affiliated Organization of Firefox and Mozilla" (PDF). Mozilla Japan. 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2007. 
10. ^ Schenk, Mark (6 January 2007). "Opera browser version history". Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2007. 
11. ^ Lettice, John (6 December 2000). "Opera browser goes free with version 5.0 launch". The Register. Retrieved 11 October 2007. 
12. ^ Hansen, Evan (May 24, 2004). "Microsoft behind $12 million payment to Opera". CNET. Retrieved October 25, 2016. 
13. ^ Hansen, Evan (May 24, 2004). "Opera wails about MSN problem". CNET. Retrieved October 25, 2016. 
14. ^ Students surf safely with Opera: Opera site license free for educational institutions, January 12, 2005, retrieved on October 25, 2005
15. ^ Baker, Loren (20 September 2005). "Opera Goes Free with Help from Google". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2007. 
16. ^ Have WAP but want WEB? Introducing Opera Mini for mobile phones, URL accessed on April 20, 2006
17. ^ Dignan, Larry (13 December 2007). "Opera files complaint against Microsoft in the EU over IE, Windows bundle; CTO makes Web standards case". ZDNet. Retrieved 15 December 2007. 
18. ^ "Microsoft to randomly generate EU browser ballot list". Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 November 2010. 
19. ^ "Opera Software". Retrieved 7 June 2012. 
20. ^ "GSMA ANNOUNCES WINNERS OF THE 2015 GLOBAL MOBILE AWARDS". Retrieved 4 March 2015. 
21. ^ M, Haavard (21 April 2015). "Goodbye, Opera!". A Blog From Outside the Trenches. Retrieved 1 August 2015. 
22. ^ "Opera TV AS - Relationship Science". Relationship Science. 
23. ^ "To the General Meeting of Opera Software ASA and Opera Demerger AS" (PDF). Operasoftware.com. KPMG AS. December 18, 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2017. 
24. ^ Revealing the new Opera brand. Opera, on YouTube. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
25. ^ Opera Software ASA (18 December 2017). "Minutes Extraordinary General Meeting". Oslo stock exchange. Retrieved 18 December 2017. 
26. ^ "Oslo-listed Opera Software ASA changes name to Otello Corporation". Reuters. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2018. 
27. ^ Wauters, Robin. "Opera Buys Mobile Ad Startup AdMarvel For $8M In Cash Plus A $15M Earnout". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2018-02-26. 
28. ^ Opera acquires FastMail.fm, URL accessed on April 30, 2010
29. ^ Rob Mueller (25 September 2013). "Exciting news: FastMail staff purchase the business from Opera". FastMail. Retrieved 3 March 2015. 
30. ^ Jennifer Van Grove (19 September 2011). "Opera Buys Top Mobile App Store Handster". Mashable. Retrieved 20 December 2012. 
31. ^ "Opera acquires Handster Inc". Opera Press Releases (Press release). Opera Software ASA. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2012. 
32. ^ "Opera Eyes Speedier Mobile Web With Skyfire Acquisition". PC Magazine. Retrieved 15 February 2013. 
33. ^ "Opera Buys Mobile Video Ad Firm AdColony". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 June 2014. 
34. ^ Editorial, Reuters. "Stock Quote News - Stock Market Quotes, Online Stock Quotes, India". IN. Retrieved 2018-02-26. 
35. ^ Kolondra, Krystian (20 April 2016). "Free VPN integrated in Opera for better online privacy". Opera Desktop Blog. Retrieved 18 October 2016. 
36. ^ "Global Leader in enabling OTT, Opera TV, acquired by Frères & Company" (PDF) (Press release). New York City: Moore Frères & Company. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2017. 
37. ^ "Opera divests its connected TV business". Oslo Stock Exchange. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2017. 
38. ^ "Opera divests SurfEasy business". Oslo Stock Exchange. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017. 
39. ^ "Samsung rescues data-saving privacy app Opera Max and relaunches it as Samsung Max". VentureBeat. 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2018-02-23. 

External links[edit]

en.wikipedia.org

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